SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS

School is a place in the world where children are used to play in grounds, called playground. A playground, play park or play area is a place that specifically made for the children so that they are able to play in it. There are two kind of playgrounds, indoor playground or outdoor playground but mostly are outdoor ones. The playgrounds are usually equipped with recreational stuff such as seesaw, merry-go-ground, swing set, slide, sandbox, playhouse, mazes and much more. Playgrounds are just not only source of fun but also make the children physically and mentally fit. Playground also provides the facilities for adult sports, like skating, basketball court etc. Playscape is a type of ground that is formed to provide a safe and healthier environment for play. There are certain regulations and associations in the world which set regulations and training programs for the safety of playgrounds and certification of Playground Safety Inspectors. There are certain safety equipment are used to protect the children from injury, which include the Playgrounds mulch use on the ground in order cushion the impact, similarly mats which are rubber made structure use on ground for the protection of children. Playgrounds have very good effect on the development of child when a child plays in grouping, his/her exposure to friends increases and become socialized. Puzzle games available in playground also increase the learning ability of the child, when he/she tries to explore something through equipment his/her cognitive ability increases automatically. According to child health specialist, self-esteem of the children increases with improvement in physical and mental health.Now parents prefer that school for their children which have modern playground. Playgrounds comprises of following different forms,

1.       Inclusive playgrounds:

These kinds of playgrounds are designed in order to accommodate all children. There are some special children like wheelchair users who are not able to play in grounds; inclusive playgrounds are formed to accommodate these wheelchair users.

2.       Natural playgrounds:

Natural playgrounds are those which consist of natural features, materials, and vegetation with creative landscape that provide a natural environment. Play components include trees, shrubs, grasses etc.

3.       Adult playground:

A type of playground designed especially for adults, it include fitness equipment like gym equipment.

However with all kind of safety measures a lot of injuries happen at playgrounds of schools, restaurants, children care centre etc. According to Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), following incidents were recorded;

According to the statistics, of 2001-2008 an average 218,851 preschool and elementary children got injuries that occurred on playground equipment. Following are some facts about injuries occurred during 2001-2008,

·         51% injuries occurred on public playground equipment

·         19% happened on home playground equipment

·         20% without record

·         1% other

Incidents reported

·         67% falls from equipment and due to equipment failure

·         8% dangers recorded around but not related to equipment

·         7% include collisions among children on the equipment

·         7% setups

·         11% other

Deaths associated with playground equipment during 2001-2008;

There were forty deaths were reported during 2001-2008, which include;

·         Children who died were 6 years of age on average

·         27 deaths occurred because of hanging

·         7 deaths happened because of head and neck injuries

However death rate is increase as compare to years from 1990-2000, during that period 15 cases of death were recorded. In most case of injuries, girl’s ratio is more (55%) than boys (45%).

Climbers, swings, slides and overhead ladders are the common source of injuries on playground. Most common injuries occurred on playground equipment includes fractures, Contusions/abrasions, laceration, strains and sprains, internal organs, and concussions.

The playground injuries are seems to be very dangerous as statistics tell us above, however we can prevent from these kinds of injuries, if we focus on following prevention measures;

·         In order to prevent falling from equipment, the height of the equipment must be reduced at that level where children can easily climb

·         Falling can be decreased through the use of barriers, discouraging climbing, and making upper surface uncomfortable for sitting or climbing

·         There should be flexibility under and around play equipment, so that likelihood of bone breakage can be decreased

·         Adults should actively supervise the children during play time

·         Adults and school officials should insure that all equipment and surfacing in the play area be maintained on a regular basis

Before planning playground following things should be consider,

·         Access and entry to the playground

·         Shade

·         Water hazards

·         Other environment hazards

·         Slope and gradient

·         Drainage

However according to some experts these kind of prevention measures or over protectiveness make the children risk averse which has bad effect on the exploring power of children. Instead of over protectiveness need to allow children in natural grounds (called Playscape) where they can freely move without any heavy restriction. But according to standards of modern world, children love to play in grounds equipped with slides, seesaws, etc. that’s the reason safety measures should be present in order to prevent injuries.

“JACK BUZZI THE UNSUNG HEREO”

“JACK BUZZI THE UNSUNG HEREO”

The day became very gloomy and sorrowful, when a massive Hurricane Sandy hit the east coast of America on October 29, 2012. It had hit the coast with flooding and destructive winds. But some heroes set high aims to serve humanity during this kind of destructive hurricane. It was a story of Jack Buzziwho played a constructive role during this hurricane; he tried hard for the help of neighbours, children, and stranger ones. On October 29, 2012,when jack Buzzi was present in his parent’s jersey Shore home suddenly he heardsome horrifying sound of storm. Then he looked out the window, he saw a horrifying thing; his neighbour’s house was floating on a flood coming from Atlantic Ocean that had buried Barnegat Bay. Flood had broken off the top section of house, and rest of house was near to destroyed. At that time, Buzziwas talking with his friend Jack Ward on the phone, ward’s sister kathey Ward owned this house and people talked about her that she was in danger. Buzzi, who had some outing plans with his fiancée, Melissa, was a good human being and liked to serve the humanity. That’s why he left the phone, quickly tossed on boots with raincoat, flashlight and two life jackets. With the pause of storm, Buzzi paddled through knee-water toward the remaining part of kathey’s house in order to rescue her.Buzzi tried to make voice contact with the kathey through shouting over the whistling wind, but she did not reply. Roof of the house had collapsed, and buzzi thought she was dead. Buzzi became very worried and gloomy, and paddled back home. He called jack again in order to sorry him about the above situation but jack told Buzzi that he had made telephonic contact with her sister few moments before. Jack told Buzzi that his sister was trapped but uninjured. With no moment Buzzi waded back to storm and found the Kathey standing on the wooden block that was basically the doorway of her house. She astonishinglylooked calm.  “I knew you would come”, Kathey said. Kathey was remained save because she was sitting in the only room of house that did not crushed. Buzzi provided her a life jacket and took her back to his house. On the very next day Buzzi and Kathey both rescued the kathey’s sister Marry Ward and her boyfriend with the help of kayak who were being struck in Marry’s flooded house. Buzzi headed toward the local carpenter Nick Spino, after paddling back from Marry’s House. Nick was rescued after a night which he spent on neighbour’s roof. Even the Buzzi’s basement was full of water, allow his six neighbors to stay with him. That is what we called human nature, Buzzi says, it is our responsibility to help people in the time of need. Soon the life went back to its routine after a hurricane stopped. People started their work again with happy faces because they get there second chance to live.

“The happiest people I know are those who lose themselves in the service of others”

Gordon b. Hinckley

Meanwhile, In Brazil...

Meanwhile, In Brazil... by videobash

The-Breakaway-Cook

The Breakaway Cook by HarperCollins

Canada

Canada by HarperCollins

Work-Hard-Be-Nice-How-Two-Inspired-Teachers-Created-the-Most-Promising-Schools-in-America

Work Hard. Be Nice.: How Two Inspired Teachers Created the Most Promising Schools in America by Workman eBooks

Fifth-Mountain

Fifth Mountain by HarperCollins

The-Alchemist-10th-Anniversary-Edition

The Alchemist - 10th Anniversary Edition by HarperCollins

Raylan-A-Novel

Raylan: A Novel by HarperCollins

The-Plague-of-Doves

The Plague of Doves by HarperCollins

Beautiful-Ruins

Beautiful Ruins by HarperCollins

Marketing-Strategies

Marketing Strategies by Hammad Hashmi

Bike Industry

SCENARIO:

In this assignment, we are given with the task of analyse the motorbike or two wheeler industry of Pakistan, and then identify the strategic groups, mobility barriers and strategic spaces. Analysis is based on our common observation and data collected through internet.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN:

Motorbike industry is one of the flourishing and growing industries of Pakistan. In past three years from 2010 many local assemblers come in the market. Two wheel vehicles available mostly in 70cc, 100cc, and 125cc in all over the Pakistan with the help of local dealers and company own retail chains. But strategic groups working in Pakistan are also domain specific; mean hitting some areas of Pakistan. Production of bikes increases from 100,000 units in 2000 to 2 million units. It is surprising fact that due to change in government policy regarding motorbike industry lead to decrease in import duty which increases the number of assemblers in Pakistan. The ¾ demand of motorbikes is in the Asian region of the world, and china accounts for 50% of the market.

1.       IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC GROUPS:

Pakistan motorbike industry basically falls in following three categories;

1)      local assemblers

2)      local manufactures

3)      multinational companies

1.1 Local assemblers:

Local assemblers are one of most influential strategic group of motorbike industry, because in recent years government of Pakistan reduce the import duty on import of motorbike spare parts and Chinese motorcycles. This is the opportunity for many new entrepreneurs in Pakistan whom invested millions of dollars in establishing the assembling plants in the Pakistan and imports the Chinese motorbikes. Some of following companies are;

1.                   Eagle motorcycles

2.                   Metro motorcycles

3.                   ZXMCO motorcycles

4.                   Super Asia motorcycles

5.                   Ravi motorcycles 

6.                   Road prince motorcycles

It include the following characteristics;

·         These companies assemble the spare parts imported mostly from china, and then convert them into finished good for the final customers and also imported Chinese motorcycles to market in Pakistan

·         These companies focusing on low cost leadership strategy to gain maximum number of share and to attract more customers

·         These companies offering the motorbike to specific cities of Pakistan, and not exported to other countries

·         They are just focusing on low price, and only fulfilling basic quality level

·         Facing a lot of direct competition among each other

·         There are 72 registered assemblers are working in Pakistan, mostly deal in 70cc

1.2   Local manufacturers:

There are number of companies who focus on concept of “localization” or companies which are Pakistani. These companies have separate technology, infrastructure, different competencies level etc. from the local assemblers and multinational companies. Local manufacturer include some of following companies;

1.       Sohrab Motorcycles

2.       Habib Motorcycles Pvt Ltd

3.       Ghani Automobile Industries

Local manufacturers have the following characteristics:

·         These companies like Sohrab not only offering its product in many cities of Pakistan, but also export like its specialty bike 100cc to neighbours countries which include Srilanka, India and Afghanistan.

·         The prices of these motor bikes are relatively higher than the local assemblers, because of good quality product and develop motorcycles according to the country’s road conditions. As there are no proper roads in villages therefore bikes like Sohrab, Yamaha are popular in rural areas of Pakistan 

·         The local manufacture has expertise to manufacture bikes according to local needs and has focus on niche segment

·         Potential of local manufacturer is decreasing because of indirect competition and overlapping with other strategic groups. However direct competition is low.

·         They manufacture spare parts and motorcycle, which is made in Pakistan

1.3 Multinational companies

The major players of the industry fall in this strategic group, who has good reputation in term of quality and availability. This group include some of following companies;

1.       Atlas Honda

2.       Pak Suzuki

3.       Yamaha

4.       Kawasaki  

Includes the following characteristics;

·         These companies manufacture as well as assemble motorbikes in Pakistan

·         Always follow the high quality international standards

·         Target customer in whole Asia not limited to Pakistan or its neighbours

·         These companies has their own retailers all over Pakistan

·         They charge higher prices than other two strategic groups, expert in manufacturing 70cc,100cc and 125cc

·         These companies has international expertise in product development

2.       MOBILITY BARRIERS:

2.1 Barriers face by local assemblers:

Local assemblers face the following difficulties or barriers to enter into above two strategic groups;

·         Local assemblers has lack of expertise in manufacturing the motorbike, for that purpose they have to invest in establishing the manufacturing plants with required skilled people that cost them higher and it move against their strategy of cost leadership

·         They face barriers if they want to exports their products internationally because they already importing the spare parts and motorcycles, they will face high transportation cost

·         They face difficulty to move into local manufacturer group because local assemblers focus on making bikes that are suitable for cities not for villages

2.2 Barriers face by Local manufacturers:

Following barriers face by local manufacturers;

·         Local manufacturer face barriers if they move downwards, because they have to decrease their prices in order to sustain in this segment which decrease their revenues

·         If government of Pakistan increase the import duty which increase mobility barriers for local manufactures to become local assemblers

·         If they move upward into multinational companies, they have to update their current knowledge, skills and also require a lot of foreign direct investment and also face competition globally by larger established MNCs. 

2.3 Barriers face by MNCs:

In Pakistan MNCs are present at that stage, where they can attract the customers not from all over Pakistan but also internationally because of skills, experience, technology and diversified portfolios however one of important barriers for them to move to downward is “low price”, for that purpose they have to compromise their quality for which they are not ready.

Seven Ways to Advertise on Facebook

Seven Ways to Advertise on Facebook

Harry Gold  |  August 19, 2008 

OK, I've previously examined the different ways you could advertise on Google. To be fair I asked Bianca Garcia, one of our media planners who specializes in social media, to help me compile a list of the advertising opportunities on Facebook.

What's interesting about Facebook: most of the units are non-traditional and are often incorporated in with the content that consumers are actively reading when they login -- mainly the social ads that show up in the Facebook feeds.

Plus, the larger social network sites allow you to get super granular with targeting. They have enough users that you can still hit a large audience even with a bunch of selects. Targeting parameters include: country, state, city or town, age, gender, interests, activities, music, TV shows, education, high school, college, major, workplace, relationship status, profile keywords, and books.

Now there are a many different things to do on Facebook and I may be inadvertently omitting some because new features are being added. The things we are focusing on here are paid advertising opportunities that media planners might take advantage of except for setting up a corporate profile. I'm also not going to get into talking here about applications. Using Facebook applications for advertising and branding is a pretty huge topic and certainly will be the subject of a future column.

Advertising and branding opportunities on Facebook include:

Facebook Pages

• If you want to immerse yourself on Facebook, the first and most important step is to set up a Facebook page. Facebook pages represent local businesses, products, brands, companies, artists, bands, public figures, and more (take note that this is different from a Facebook profile, which represents an individual). With pages, you can have fans (while with profiles, you can have friends). Pages are easy to set-up, are customizable, and best of all -- free! Pages can have videos, photo albums, Flash pieces, games, discussion boards, and many other things that would help facilitate activity, conversation, and user interaction. In short, pages can help you socialize with the Facebook user, garner brand affinity, and build relationships.

Facebook Ads

• Sponsored story is a sponsored ad with title, body copy, and image that appears in the user's news feed on the home page, and may link to a Facebook page or an external Web site. It's effective because it offers accurate targeting options based on real profile data. This gives the advertiser the ability to get mass reach or very granular targeting based on keyword information. It also offers high visibility, since it appears on the news feed on the home page (the first thing user sees when they log on to Facebook). Last but not least, sponsored story ads are less intrusive than "regular" ads because of the seamless integration within the news feed.
• Sponsored social story is relevant only for advertisers with a Facebook page as the sponsored social story directs to that Facebook Page. It's an ad featuring a Facebook user, the action taken, and the brand/product name when the action is taken on the Facebook page (example: "Harry Gold is a fan of Harley-Davidson Motor Company"). Just like the sponsored story ad, a sponsored social story ad also appears in the user's news feed on the home page and offers the same benefits, plus the additional factor of having the same look and feel as organic stories in the news feed -- thus increasing the likelihood of users interacting with the ad because it seems like a "natural" part of their Facebook experience.
• Video sponsored story is basically a click-to-play video that plays within the ad, and may link to a Facebook page or an external Web site. Like the two ad types above, the video sponsored story appears on the news feed and offers the same benefits. This also has a high level of potential user interactions with the video ad because the user does not have to leave the home page to engage with it.
• Box ad unit is a box ad unit with title, body copy, and image that appears in the left-hand side (in the old Facebook format) or right-hand side (in the new Facebook format). This ad unit may link to a Facebook page or an external Web site. This is a run-of-site placement, meaning it appears all over Facebook and not just on the home page. It offers the same targeting options as the ads mentioned prior, and this type of Facebook ad may also be bought on a CPM (define) or CPC (define) bidding model -- which means it does not require dollar commitments with an insertion order (IO) as it is managed daily, similar to a Google Adwords account.
• Display ads, leaderboards, and skyscrapers are also available on Facebook, and are bought through the MSN Ad Center. Display ads offer more flexibility with creatives since the advertiser will not be limited by character count or body copy. Targeting parameters include age, gender, and DMA.

Gift Sponsorships

• "Gifts" is actually a Facebook application that lets users send and receive virtual gifts. New gifts are added everyday; most gifts cost $1 but some are free for users. "Gifting" is a very popular Facebook activity. Once a user receives a gift, the gift is seen on the recipient's user profile. A gift sponsorship is a one-time sponsorship of a branded gift, which users can give away to their friends for free. The featured gift of the day appears on the home page. Sponsored gifts usually have limited availability, thus adding to the "prestige" of sending a gift or receiving a gift. Even if the gift gets sold out or is no longer available, the gift will still be seen on the receiver's user profile thus extending the life of the gift and the branding component.

OK, so in nutshell those are the major paid media opportunities on Facebook. If I missed any please let me know.

Advertising Providers on Facebook Platform

Ad Providers

To better serve your monetization needs while developing your application, below is a list of companies that provide advertising services on Facebook Platform. Advertising Providers on this list have all signed the Platform Terms for Advertising Providers and are bound by all Facebook policies. Developers must only use services from companies that appear on this list. Any other provider is prohibited until they agree to the terms above.

These providers are not approved by nor affiliated with Facebook and, therefore, it is your responsibility as the developer to ensure compliance with Facebook's Advertising Guidelines even though the companies on this list have agreed to the policies as well.

We hope that by providing this list of companies that have acknowledged their commitment to advertising quality that we can all foster a better user experience.

Note: If a company you wish to work with is not on this list, please direct them to the terms linked to above.

·         4w Marketplace

·         ad:C media

·         Ad4Game

·         Adap.tv

·         Adconion Media Group

·         Adfunky

·         AdJug

·         Adknowledge - (Cubics)

·         adnboost

·         Admeld

·         Adperio

·         Advideum

·         Adverline

·         Advert Stream - (AdsMarketPlace)

·         Advertising.com

·         Alfy Video Network

·         Appatyze

·         Applifier

·         APP Prizes

·         appssavvy

·         BannerConnect

·         BrightRoll

·         Casale Media

·         ClickForce

·         CPMStar

·         Criteo

·         deal united

·         DSNR Media Group

·         Ebuzzing

·         Engagebdr

·         Evonia (Affiz CPM)

·         Fox Networks

·         Goviral

·         Harren Media

·         Hi-Media

·         Hooplo

·         igapi by Social Game Universe

·         Improve Digital

·         Innity

·         Intergi

·         Jun Group

·         Lifestreet Media

·         Live Gamer

·         MakeMeReach

·         Malepar

·         MATOMY

·         maudau

·         MediaBrix

·         Mediastay

·         Memoriki

·         Meta Network

·         mobAVE

·         myThings

·         NextPerformance

·         Nextperience

·         One iota

·         Open Inventory media

·         OpenX

·         Playnomics

·         Peanut Labs

·         Promote Clix

·         Publicidad

·         PubMatic

·         Pulse 360

·         RockYou

·         Rubicon Project

·         Selectable Media

·         Sharethrough

·         Smowtion

·         Social Games Ad Network - SGA

·         Social Reality

·         SociaVibe

·         SocialVideoBytes

·         Specific Media

·         SponsorPay

·         SpotXchange

·         SupersonicAds

·         Technorati Media

·         TradableBits Media Inc.

·         Traffective

·         TrialPay

·         Tube Mogul

·         Underdog Media

·         Unified

·         Unruly Media

·         WildTangent

·         XTEND

·         Ybrant Digital

·         Facebook Advertising Guidelines

·         Advertising Philosophy

·         At Facebook, we believe that ads should contribute to and be consistent with the overall user experience. The best ads are those that are tailored to individuals based on how they and their friends interact and affiliate with the brands, artists, and businesses they care about. These guidelines are not intended to serve as legal advice and adherence to these guidelines does not necessarily constitute legal compliance. Advertisers are responsible for ensuring that their ads comply with all applicable laws, statutes, and regulations.

·         Additional examples and explanations to our policies can be found in the Help Center.

·          

·         I.    General

·         A.    Our Advertising Guidelines consist of advertising content criteria, community standards, and other applicable requirements.

·         B.    The Ad Guidelines, as well as our Data Use Policy and Statement of Rights and Responsibilities, apply to all ads and commercial content (“ads”) served by or appearing on Facebook (including ads purchased under AAAA/IAB Standard Terms and Conditions).

·         C.    Advertising appearing within applications on Facebook Platform must comply with all additional Facebook Platform Policies.

·         D.    Ads that are generated through Page posts, and ads that promote a sweepstakes, contest, competition or offer must also comply with the Pages Terms.

·         E.    Ads must not contain false, misleading, fraudulent, or deceptive claims or content.

·         F.    You may not manage more than one advertiser or client through a single ad account, and may not change the advertiser or client associated with an established ad account.

·         II.    Data and Privacy

·         A.    You may not use data collected, derived, or obtained from a Facebook ad, Facebook’s delivery of an ad, and Facebook users' interaction with a Facebook-served ad (such as information derived from targeting criteria) for any purpose, except on an aggregate or anonymous basis to assess the performance and effectiveness of your Facebook advertising campaigns.

·         B.    You may use information provided directly to you from users if you provide clear notice to and obtain consent from those users and comply with all applicable laws and industry guidelines.

·         C.    You may not directly or indirectly transfer any data to, or use such data in connection with any ad network, ad exchange, data broker, or other advertising or monetization-related toolset. By indirectly we mean you cannot, for example, transfer data to a third party who then transfers the data to an ad network.

·         III.    Ad Creative and Positioning

·         All components of an ad, including any text, images, or other media, must be relevant and appropriate to the product or service being offered and the audience viewing the ad. Ads may not contain audio or flash animation that plays automatically without a user's interaction. Ads may not position products or services in a sexually suggestive manner. Ads may not contain content that exploits political agendas or "hot button" issues for commercial use. Additionally, ad text must include proper grammar and the use of all symbols, numbers, or letters must adhere to the true meaning of the symbol.

·         A.    Accuracy

·         Ads must clearly represent the company, product, service, or brand that is being advertised. Products and services promoted in the ad copy must be clearly represented on the landing page, and the destination site may not offer or link to any prohibited product or service. Additionally, ads may not suggest false relevancy to generic offers.

·         B.    Attribution

·         Ad text may not assert or imply, directly or indirectly, within the ad content or by targeting, a user's personal characteristics within the following categories:

·         i.    race or ethnic origin;

·         ii.    religion or philosophical belief;

·         iii.    age;

·         iv.    sexual orientation or sexual life;

·         v.    gender identity;

·         vi.    disability or medical condition (including physical or mental health);

·         vii.    financial status or information;

·         viii.    membership in a trade union; and

·         ix.    criminal record.

·         C.    Destination Sites

·         Ads must lead to a functioning landing page that does not interfere with a user's ability to navigate away from the page.

·         D.    Targeting

·         Ads must always apply appropriate targeting and never use targeting criteria to provoke users. Ads for regulated goods and services (e.g. alcohol and gambling), must abide by all applicable laws, regulations, and industry codes. Specific requirements for dating services, alcohol, gambling, contraceptives and subscription services must adhere to the requirements listed in the Help Center under the applicable content sections.

·         IV.    Ad Content

·         Advertisers must ensure that their ads comply with all applicable laws, regulations and guidelines. All claims in ads must be adequately substantiated. Ads must not offend users. Ads and any offers promoted within ads must not be false, deceptive or misleading or contain spam. Ads must not contain or promote illegal products or services. Ads must not violate the rights of any third parties. The following specific content guidelines apply:

·         A.    Adult Products

·         Ads may not promote the sale or use of adult products or services, including but not limited to toys, videos, publications, live shows, or sexual enhancement products. Ads for family planning and contraception are allowed provided they follow the appropriate targeting requirements.

·         B.    Alcohol

·         i.    Ads that promote or reference alcohol are prohibited in the following countries: Afghanistan, Brunei, Bangladesh, Egypt, Gambia, Kuwait, Libya, Norway, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and any other jurisdiction where such ads are prohibited by law.

·         ii.    Where permissible, ads that promote or reference alcohol must: (i) Comply with all applicable local laws, required or recommended industry codes, guidelines, licenses and approvals and (ii) apply age and country targeting criteria consistent with Facebook's targeting guidelines and applicable local laws. Where a user's age or country cannot be determined, the ad must not be displayed to the user.

·         iii.    Please refer to the Help Center for additional alcohol-specific guidance.

·         C.    Dating

·         Ads for adult friend finders or dating sites with a sexual emphasis are not permitted. Ads for other online dating services must adhere to the dating targeting requirements and the name of the product or service must be included in the ad text or image.

·         D.    Drugs and Tobacco

·         Ads may not promote or facilitate the sale or consumption of illegal or recreational drugs, tobacco products, or drug or tobacco paraphernalia.

·         E.    Gambling and Lotteries

·         i.    Ads that promote or facilitate online gambling, games of skill or lotteries, including online casino, sports books, bingo, or poker, are only allowed in specific countries with prior authorization from Facebook.

·         ii.    Lotteries run by government entities may advertise on Facebook, provided that ads must be targeted in accordance with applicable law in the jurisdiction in which the ads will be served and may only target users in the jurisdiction in which the lottery is available.

·         iii.    Ads that promote offline gambling establishments, such as offline casinos, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, are generally permitted, provided that ads must be appropriately targeted.

·         iv.    Please refer to the Help Center for additional gambling-specific guidance.

·         F.    Pharmaceuticals and Supplements

·         i.    Ads must not promote the sale of prescription pharmaceuticals. Ads for online pharmacies are prohibited except that ads for certified pharmacies may be permitted with prior approval from Facebook.

·         ii.    Ads that promote dietary and herbal supplements are generally permitted, provided they do not promote products containing anabolic steroids, chitosan, comfrey, dehydroepiandrosterne, ephedra, human growth hormones, melatonin, and any additional products deemed unsafe or questionable by Facebook in its sole discretion.

·         G.    Software

·         Ads may not contain or link directly or indirectly to a site that contains spyware/malware downloads or any software that results in an unexpected, deceptive or unfair user experience, including but not limited to software which:

·         i.    "sneaks" onto a user's system;

·         ii.    performs activities hidden to the user;

·         iii.    may alter, harm, disable or replace any hardware or software installed on a user's computer without express permission from the user;

·         iv.    is bundled as a hidden component of other software whether free or for an additional fee;

·         v.    automatically downloads without Facebook's express prior approval;

·         vi.    presents download dialog boxes without a user's action; or

·         vii.    may violate or infringe upon the intellectual property rights of any third party, including copyright, trademark, patent or any other proprietary right.

·         H.    Subscription Services

·         Ads for subscription services, or that promote products or services that include negative options, automatic renewal, free-to-pay conversion billing products, or mobile marketing are subject to the following requirements:

·         i.    Ad text must clearly and conspicuously disclose the recurring billing component (e.g. "subscription required").

·         ii.    The landing page must:

·         a.    display the price and billing interval wherever the user is prompted to enter personally identifiable information;

·         b.    include an unchecked opt-in checkbox; and

·         c.    include language informing users how to cancel their subscription or membership.

·         iii.    Each of the foregoing must be located in a prominent place on your landing page, as determined by Facebook in its sole discretion, and should be easy to find, read, and understand.

·         I.    Unacceptable Business Model

·         Ads may not promote a business model or practice that is deemed by Facebook in its sole discretion to be unacceptable or contrary to Facebook's overall advertising philosophy or to any applicable law, including but not limited to multi-level marketing schemes, or advertisements for scams.

·         J.    Weapons and Explosives

·         Ads may not promote the sale or use of weapons, ammunition, or explosives.

·         V.    Community Standards

·         Ads, or categories of ads, that receive a significant amount of negative user feedback, or are otherwise deemed to violate our community standards, are prohibited and may be removed. In all cases, Facebook reserves the right in its sole discretion to determine whether particular content is in violation of our community standards.

·         A.    Illegal Activity

·         Ads may not constitute, facilitate or promote illegal activity.

·         B.    Harassment

·         Ads may not insult, attack, harass, bully, threaten, demean or impersonate others.

·         C.    Hate Speech

·         Ads may not contain "hate speech," whether directed at an individual or a group, based on membership within certain categories. These categories include, but are not limited to, race, sex, creed, national origin, religious affiliation, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or language.

·         D.    Minors

·         Ads that are targeted to minors may not promote products or services that are illegal for use by minors in their jurisdiction, or that are deemed to be unsafe or inappropriate.

·         E.    Sex/Nudity

·         Ads may not contain adult content, including nudity, depictions of people in explicit or suggestive positions, or activities that are overly suggestive or sexually provocative.

·         F.    Shock Value

·         Ads may not be shocking, sensational or disrespectful, or portray excessive violence.

·         VI.    Facebook References

·         Ads may not imply a Facebook endorsement or partnership of any kind. Ads linking to Facebook branded content (including Pages, groups, events, or Connect sites) may make limited reference to "Facebook" in ad text for the purpose of clarifying the destination of the ad. All other ads and landing pages may not use our copyrights or trademarks (including Facebook, the Facebook and F Logos, FB, Face, Poke, Book, and Wall) or any confusingly similar marks, except as expressly permitted by our Brand Usage Guidelines or with our prior written permission.

·         VII.    Rights of Others

·         Ads may not include content that infringes upon or violates the rights of any third party, including copyright, trademark, privacy, publicity, or other personal or proprietary rights.

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·         We reserve the right to reject, approve or remove any ad for any reason, in our sole discretion, including ads that negatively affect our relationship with our users or that promote content, services, or activities, contrary to our competitive position, interests, or advertising philosophy. These guidelines are subject to change at any time.